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Capture by: polyclonal antibody
Detection by: polyclonal antibody
Price code: C
Acronym: CSS
Synonym: maize stunt
Group: Spiroplasma
Vector: leafhopper
Sap Transmissible: unknown
Seed Transmissible: unknown
Corn Stunt Spiroplasma (CSS) is a helical shaped, motile, organism. This prokaryote lacks a cell wall and belongs to the genus Spiroplasma. CSS cells are about 0.15-0.2 micrometers in diameter and 2.0-15.0 micrometers in length. CSS cells are distributed only in the phloem tissue of the diseased plant including phloem of leaves, stems, roots, ears and tassels. Several leafhopper species transmit the spiroplasma, but the principle vector is the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis. CSS is the causal agent of Rio Grande corn stunt, an especially severe disease of maize in Mexico and Central and South American countries. In the USA, CSS has been found in many of the southern states and California. CSS only infects maize and other relative teosintes, and is more common in sweet corn and popcorn than in field corn. Symptoms on corn may vary with the corn cultivar. Young leaves are chlorotic or exhibit broad chlorotic striping and may purple as they age. Internodes are shorter and kernel set is reduced or absent. Symptom severity may partially depend upon when the plants were infected.
The use of ELISA is a reliable means of detection for CSS. This ELISA test system is based on a polyclonal antibody for both capture and detection. A standard DAS ELISA format is used. The test is specific and relatively sensitive, producing a moderately strong reaction. CSS can be detected easily in infected plant extract diluted at 1:270-810.
This CSS test shows no cross-reaction with healthy maize tissue. Also, no cross-reaction was found with other related corn pathogens such as maize rayado fino virus and maize bushy stunt phytoplasma.
This test is recommended for testing CSS in maize. It is suggested that the plant tissues be ground thoroughly with a sample buffer in order to release maximum CSS cells from the phloem.
Tsai, James H., Bryce W. Faulk. Insect Vectors and Their Pathogens of Maize in the Tropics. Version March, 1999. URL http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/tsai.htm
Shurtleff, 1980. Compendium of Corn Diseases. Pg. 11-12.
Gussie, J. S., J. Fletcher, P. L. Claypool 1995. Movement and multiplication of Spiroplasma kunkelii in corn. Phytopathology 85:1093-1098.
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